Bioproducts are often considered more environmentally-friendly than their conventional counterparts owing to biodegradability, biocompatibility and sustainability. Better utilization of side streams and low value fish can simultaneously improve both the environmental and ecological sustainability of production. Nonetheless, there are environmental hazards and risks associated with fisheries and aquaculture: biological, organic and chemical pollution, and habitat modification. Failure to maintain adequate management in aquacultures and fisheries can bring about ecological and environmental problems. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) aims to identify, estimate and evaluate the environmental impacts of a project before its execution. The evaluation of environmental impact involves a set of steps/activities: screening, scoping, prediction and mitigation, management and monitoring, and audit. The management and control of hazards (biological and chemical ones) in aquaculture requires specific strategies, including the identification and control of the hazard and monitoring of the effectiveness of the controls. EU governments enforce proactive policies and legislation (Directives and Conventions) towards EIA to ensure problem prediction and preventive measures.

Anna Kujumdzieva, Evgeniya Dimova-Karagyozova (R&D Center Biointech Ltd)